Understanding the Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist

Posted on 11/18/2025

The hand and wrist are among the most complex and finely tuned structures in the human body. Together, they allow you to grip, lift, type, write, and perform countless daily tasks that often go unnoticed - until something goes wrong. Whether you're dealing with pain, stiffness, or a recent injury, understanding the anatomy of the hand and wrist can help you recognize when it's time to seek expert care from a trusted hand surgeon in Oakland, CA.

Bones: The Foundation of Movement

The hand and wrist contain 27 bones working in harmony:

•           Carpal bones: These small bones form the wrist and enable flexion, extension, and rotation.

•           Metacarpal bones: These connect the wrist to the fingers and support grip and hand strength.

•           Phalanges: Each finger has three bones, except the thumb, which has two.

This intricate bone structure provides stability while still allowing an impressive range of motion.

Joints: Where Motion Begins

Dozens of joints allow the hand and fingers to bend, straighten, and rotate. The wrist joint itself is a complex arrangement of ligaments, tendons, and small bones working as a unit. These joints are essential for tasks requiring precision and strength - whether you're writing a note or lifting a heavy box.

Muscles and Tendons: Power in Motion

Muscles in the forearm contract to pull tendons connected to the fingers and thumb. Additional small muscles within the hand support fine movements such as pinching or typing. Because tendons glide through tight passages, even minor inflammation can cause pain or limitation.

Nerves: Control and Sensation

Three major nerves - median, ulnar, and radial - travel from the forearm into the hand. They control muscle movement and provide sensation to the fingers. If a nerve becomes compressed, injured, or irritated, symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness can develop.

Ligaments: Stability and Support

Ligaments are strong bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone. They keep joints aligned and stable during movement. When overstretched or torn, joint stability can be compromised.

When to See a Hand Specialist

Persistent pain, swelling, numbness, or weakness should never be ignored. Early evaluation by our hand surgeon in Oakland, CA can prevent minor injuries from becoming long-term impairments. Advanced diagnostic tools and specialized treatments - from conservative therapies to minimally invasive surgery - can help restore comfort and function.

Schedule Your Hand & Wrist Evaluation

The hand and wrist are incredibly complex, providing the strength and precision needed for daily life. Understanding their anatomy underscores the importance of proper care when pain or injury arises. Whether you're experiencing symptoms from overuse, a recent injury, or an ongoing condition, seeking expert evaluation is the best step toward relief and restored mobility.
 

If you’re dealing with discomfort, injury, or limited function in your hand or wrist, contact East Bay Hand & Upper Extremity to schedule a consultation. Visit our office in Oakland, California, or call (510) 904-1100 to book an appointment today.