What is Arthritis and how can it be treated?
Arthritis represents “a health problem that is characterized by an inflammation of the joints in the body” and stands as the leading cause of disability in America. The condition affects approximately 50 million adults and 300,000 children nationwide.
While many assume arthritis is uniform, more than 100 different varieties exist. The two most prevalent forms, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, commonly affect the hands, potentially limiting daily activities like opening jars or fastening buttons.
About osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis develops from natural cartilage degeneration within joints. The once-smooth cartilage becomes rough and hardened, making joint movement painful and difficult. As cartilage deteriorates, tendons and ligaments must work harder, potentially causing swelling. Over time, bony growths called osteophytes may form, and bone-on-bone contact can reshape joints and displace bones.
Risk factors for osteoarthritis
Certain populations face elevated risk:
- Women
- People over 45 years old
- Those with family history of the condition
- Individuals with prior joint injuries or related conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
This form results from immune system dysfunction, where the body targets affected joints causing inflammation and discomfort. Progressive damage can affect the joint structure, cartilage, and surrounding bone. Symptoms often fluctuate, with patients experiencing periodic flares.
Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis
Increased risk occurs among:
- People aged 45 and older
- Women
- Smokers
- Those with family history
Treatment approaches
While no cure exists for either arthritis type, management strategies depend on severity and classification.
Non-surgical options include anti-inflammatory medications, pain relief, hot and cold therapies, and physical therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis patients may receive immune-modulating medications to reduce symptoms.
Joint surgery becomes an option when conservative treatments fail. Procedures involve either fusing affected joints for stability or replacing them with artificial alternatives.
